CAST: CAST Timeline. CAST through the years: One mission, many innovations. While personal computers such as the Macintosh began to reshape everyday life and work, school reform became a hot topic nationwide with special emphasis on educating all learners to high standards.
The same year, a small band of education researchers founded CAST, the Center for Applied Special Technology, to explore ways of using new technologies to provide better educational experiences to students with disabilities. As CAST researchers tested and refined their principles, priorities, and vision over that first decade, they came to a new understanding of how to improve education using flexible methods and materials. They called this approach. Universal Design for Learning. Today, UDL frames all of the organization’s research and development. Through strategic collaborations, CAST is seeding the field of curriculum planning, software development, state and national policy, teacher preparation and support, and education research with UDL- based solutions. Five clinicians from North Shore Children’s Hospital in Salem, MA—.
Project management 5th edition 1. Cross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4. Using other people’s research or ideas without giving them due credit is plagiarism. Since BibMe makes it easy to create citations, build bibliographies and acknowledge other people’s work, there is no excuse to plagiarize. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers.
Skip Stahl and Linda Mensing—meet in a local pizza parlor and conceive CAST. With an anonymous grant of $1.
CAST is founded at North Shore Children’s Hospital. The focus: How can computer technology enhance learning for students with learning disabilities? CAST quickly extends work to children with physical and sensory challenges and provides services in a laboratory environment. The needs of the individual learners guide exploration of technology- based solutions. Apple Computer introduces the Macintosh.
The term “cyberspace” first appears. Time names the computer “Machine of the Year.”1. Anne Meyer and David Rose meet in California with Alan Brightman, chief of disability access for Apple Computer. Apple sees CAST as “inherently cool” because people’s needs drive its work.
CAST establishes a Learning Lab to find or create solutions to learning challenges, offering: Evaluations: matching student needs with computer solutions; Computer- based tutorials: using applications and instructional software. Classroom follow- up reveals that few schools are able to implement CAST’s recommendations to improve learning, so staff begins training and consulting with teachers. The Apple Macintosh’s graphical interface and built- in text- to- speech capability provide key scaffolds for learning- disabled students. Responding to pressure from North Shore Children’s Hospital to become a franchised service, CAST instead incorporates as an independent, not- for- profit organization. Independence sharpens CAST’s vision and mission as a research and development organization. CAST and Harvard University hold a one- week summer institute to train educators to use computer- based tools to meet the needs of students with disabilities. This becomes an annual event which, after a brief hiatus, continues today with a focus on Universal Design for Learning.
Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010, and since that time Oracle's hardware and software engineers have worked side-by-side to build fully integrated systems and optimized solutions designed to achieve performance levels. CAST would like to thank TextHelp Systems Ltd. for use of the SpeechStream toolbar in the CAST website. Fred r. david (2011) strategic management concepts 1. This page intentionally left blank 2. Strategic ManagementCONCEPTS AND CASES 3. Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Manager, Visual Research: Beth BrenzelEditor in.
CAST’s staff begins to grow, but almost all employees are still part- time and have “day jobs". Peggy Coyne is hired as CAST’s first full- time, salaried employee! CAST moves to Peabody, MA and establishes a governing board made up of friends in the local community. CAST’s Learning Lab works to meet the needs of diverse children: Matt, a 3- year- old with severe physical disabilities; Megan, a 6- year- old with physical and visual impairments; Mason, a 7th- grade student with learning disabilities; and others. Apple releases Hyper.
Card. Affordable image and audio digitizing devices enable homegrown multimedia. CAST creates accessible digital books that talk and operate with single switches. CAST sees that a single digital book, with embedded options for operation and display, can serve the needs of all students. CAST develops the Equal Access program with the goal of equalizing access to the curriculum through technology. This new focus on “fixing” the curriculum rather than addressing individual student needs sows the seeds for Universal Design for Learning.
CAST publishes Software Finder to help teachers locate appropriate computer software for use with diverse students. Ron Mace and colleagues at North Carolina State University define.
Working in classrooms, CAST observes that the appeal and benefits of technology- based learning supports, such as digital talking book, extend beyond students with disabilities. CAST approaches publishers about bringing these materials to a wider market. Don Johnston, Inc. CAST’s Gateway Stories and Gateway Authoring System. Gateway is the first talking e- book and authoring template with built- in options for customizing display and function. These earn the organization its first software royalties.
The World Wide Web is born in Europe as English physicist. Tim Berners- Lee develops a new way to organize and distribute information on the Internet.
CAST develops the Mariner Home software program and service (Don Johnston Inc.) to customize desktops for easy, flexible navigation of applications and content. The federal. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) leads to the delivery of services to millions of students previously denied access to an appropriate education. Its emphasis on inclusion provides impetus for finding tools and methods to make inclusive education practical and manageable.
The federal Television Decoder Circuitry Act requires that closed- caption decoders be built into all new TV sets. The benefits extend beyond those who are deaf to include anyone preferring a visual display of audio content (e. This high- impact application of universal design informs CAST’s thinking about curriculum. The. New York Times cites CAST as one of 3. American education.
CAST develops and distributes Researchware, designed to help teachers individualize curriculum for students with and without disabilities. Researchware comprises several low- cost flexible tools to support customized teaching and learning. CAST approaches Scholastic with a reading/writing prototype that eventually becomes. Wiggle. Works, a bestselling early literacy program.
The Equal Access Project is launched in Boston Public Schools to provide a national model for inclusion of students with disabilities through multimedia technology and staff development. Classroom research helps CAST recognize that current curriculum is the source of barriers for many students. CAST continues to shift its focus from individual solutions to reducing curriculum barriers. The Pioneer Program is launched to conduct case- based UDL research in collaboration with long- term CAST clients with diverse learning needs. CAST staff publishes conceptual.
At a gala black- tie event in Washington, DC, CAST wins a Computerworld Smithsonian Award for Gateway Stories, the first instructional digital books with embedded supports. CAST is featured on the PBS program. Scientific American Frontiers, hosted by Alan Alda. Wiggle. Works, the first early literacy software series with UDL features, is co- developed with Scholastic and published for the K- 3 classroom.
Over the next two decades, Wiggle. Works remains a leading literacy product in the education market, with more than $4. CAST receives its first federal grant, from the. National Science Foundation, to develop software for teachers to caption video for deaf and hard- of- hearing students. For the first time, CAST shares its message in a national policy forum hosted by Newton Minow and the Annenberg Foundation. Annenberg commissions CAST to create a multimedia CD- ROM called. Communication Technology for Everyone.
First CAST web site launched. Anne Meyer receives a gold medal from the National Association of Social Sciences for her work in Universal Design for Learning and is named as an advisor to the President’s Educational Technology Panel. CAST begins to articulate the concept of Universal Design for Learning in talks and presentations. CAST publishes CAST e. Reader for Macintosh, UDL text- to- speech software designed to support users with reading comprehension and fluency challenges. Later, e. Reader, the first known talking browser, is further developed for Windows and to support DAISY and Rich Text formats.
After seven rejections, CAST wins its first grant from the. U. S. Department of Education. The competition category is assistive technology, but CAST’s proposal begins “Beyond Assistive Technology.”1.
CAST’s research focus shifts from individual students to issues of the classroom, school, and education system as a whole. The increasing availability of flexible digital tools and content makes customizable curriculum design feasible. With Chuck Hitchcock’s leadership, CAST designs and releases Bobby, the first web site accessibility assessment tool. CAST’s first research article, “The Role of Online Communications in Schools: A National Study,” is published.
The. Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY) Consortium is established to develop an international standard for digital talking books. After a dozen years of growth, CAST’s budget reaches a milestone of $1 million per year. Professional development programs mature into CAST’s first state contracts with Texas and Maine. CAST launches Universal Learning Technologies, Inc.
ULT), a for- profit company to take CAST software products to market. The company later acquires Web. CT, a leading courseware delivery system. CAST is invited to meet with Vice President Al Gore to discuss future directions for education. CAST joins the. Web Access Initiative of the.
World Wide Web Consortium, helping to define access standards for the Web. CAST writes its first book. Learning to Read in the Computer Age, at the invitation of legendary reading scholar Jeanne Chall.
In the book, authors Anne Meyer and David Rose introduce three basic principles that will provide the framework for UDL. CAST introduces the. UDL to the. Council for Exceptional Children which publishes a topical brief. Design Principles for Student Access, that is often cited as the first published paper specifically on UDL.